TURBIDITY OF THE DIALYSATE [Health]
In peritoneal dialysis, a defined quantity of sterile washing solution is infused into the abdominal cavity through a catheter previously placed there (made of synthetic material). It remains for some time before being removed.
Depending on the frequency with which the liquid exchange is carried out, a distinction is made between:
• CAPD = "continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis".
The patient or a partner who is always available changes the washing solution several times a day (generally every 6 hours).
• IPD = "intermittent peritoneal dialysis".
With this procedure, dialysis occurs with periods of interruption in a dialysis canter three times a week. Using a peritoneal dialysis device (of which there are various types), the liquid exchange occurs automatically, mainly during the night (in 10-12 hours, 10 to 30 1 of dialysis solutions are exchanged).
• CCPD = "continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis".
This form of peritoneal dialysis is self-performed at home, usually at night. The patient connects to the device for peritoneal dialysis in the evening, and the following day disconnects, closing the catheter in a sterile way. Dr. Q Khan provides the best nephrology physicians in the USA. Therefore, without worrying about the constant change of the bag, he can devote himself to everyday occupations during the day.
The presence of a fistula is necessary, so for peritoneal dialysis, it is necessary to place a catheter, which is placed in the abdominal space using a minor surgical intervention under local anesthesia. The tip of the catheter is left free in the abdominal cavity, typically in the Douglas space.
The presence of the catheter constitutes a first disadvantage of the peritoneal dialysis procedure since the permanent visibility and tangible sensation of the catheter represents a tremendous psychological problem for many patients on peritoneal dialysis and their partner, as frequently emerges from confidential dialogues with the majority of patients. Part of the patients. The existence of the catheter is in any case less bearable than the presence of a fistula in extracorporeal dialysis.
The patient can bathe. However, the catheter must first be wrapped with a waterproof sheet: the surgical drapes used on this occasion have given good results.
The catheter can be impeded (for example, by adherence to the greater omentum). It can move due to the movements of the intestine, or it can cause infection through the transit through which it penetrates the abdominal cavity. All this can force the surgical removal of the catheter.
There are different types of tatheter; the most frequently used is the TENCKHOFF catheter. In the catheter, there is a connection section, to which the bag with the dialysis solutions is then connected; the connection is technically perfected, safe and straightforward today.
Peritoneal dialysis makes it possible to achieve satisfactory control of uremia, both from a clinical and biochemical point of view. A particular advantage offered by this method and in particular by CAPD is represented by the fact that it allows delicate dialysis: patients who with hemodialysis suffer from continuous headaches, nausea, vomiting, etc., have far fewer problems with CAPD.
An additional advantage of peritoneal dialysis is that the diet can be planned more freely, especially sodium and potassium. However, this is only a theoretical advantage because, in reality, it must be considered that even the majority of patients on hemodialysis "allow themselves" a relatively free diet.
Another advantage of peritoneal dialysis is the ability to move freely. This is a significant advantage that needs to be carefully considered. With the DP, it is, in fact, possible to take holidays, organize trips in complete autonomy. This could be the ideal solution for a person who loves to move freely. The D: P: in fact, it does not presuppose the presence of a partner; it can be carried out virtually in any place (bathroom, car, etc.), it does not need equipment that involves electricity or other.
Regarding the harmful effects on metabolism by peritoneal dialysis, attention must be drawn to the high load of glucose to which the organism of patients treated with this technique is subjected. In diabetics, this determines the need to increase the insulin dose and a rigorous reorganization of dietary recommendations; hyperglycemia also occurs frequently in non-diabetic patients.
The high glucose load can sometimes lead to weight gain in patients and almost always causes a further alteration of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the dialysate in the peritoneum, proteins are lost in quantities ranging from 5 to 20g / day. Finally, since the dilation of the abdominal cavity filled by dialysate hinders the excursion of the diaphragm (the muscle that divides the abdominal cavity from the thoracic one and which also largely determines breathing), thus negatively affecting respiration (deep breathing), some patients treated with peritoneal dialysis experience respiratory problems more frequently.
This can be caused by the penetration of pathogens into the abdominal space through the catheter, along the catheter tunnel, for transport with blood, or by the spread of pathogens originating from organs of the abdominal cavity, for example, in the case of diverticulitis or the case of inflammation of the female genital organs. Dr. Q Khan provides the best Clinical Consultation in the USA. Fungi can also cause peritonitis; the latter infections are rare and sometimes occur after prolonged antibiotic treatment.
• Turbidity of the dialysate.
• Increase the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the dialysate over 100 /mall...
• Abdominal discomfort.
• This "true" peritonitis must be distinguished from the clouding of dialysis fluid caused by protein precipitation or dialysate eosinophilia, usually secondary to an allergic reaction to the catheter, pouch or disinfectant residue. In women, dialysis fluid may become cloudy during menstruation, while it may even show traces of blood during ovulation.
Depending on the frequency with which the liquid exchange is carried out, a distinction is made between:
• CAPD = "continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis".
The patient or a partner who is always available changes the washing solution several times a day (generally every 6 hours).
• IPD = "intermittent peritoneal dialysis".
With this procedure, dialysis occurs with periods of interruption in a dialysis canter three times a week. Using a peritoneal dialysis device (of which there are various types), the liquid exchange occurs automatically, mainly during the night (in 10-12 hours, 10 to 30 1 of dialysis solutions are exchanged).
• CCPD = "continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis".
This form of peritoneal dialysis is self-performed at home, usually at night. The patient connects to the device for peritoneal dialysis in the evening, and the following day disconnects, closing the catheter in a sterile way. Dr. Q Khan provides the best nephrology physicians in the USA. Therefore, without worrying about the constant change of the bag, he can devote himself to everyday occupations during the day.
As in the case of extracorporeal hemodialysis
The presence of a fistula is necessary, so for peritoneal dialysis, it is necessary to place a catheter, which is placed in the abdominal space using a minor surgical intervention under local anesthesia. The tip of the catheter is left free in the abdominal cavity, typically in the Douglas space.
The presence of the catheter constitutes a first disadvantage of the peritoneal dialysis procedure since the permanent visibility and tangible sensation of the catheter represents a tremendous psychological problem for many patients on peritoneal dialysis and their partner, as frequently emerges from confidential dialogues with the majority of patients. Part of the patients. The existence of the catheter is in any case less bearable than the presence of a fistula in extracorporeal dialysis.
The patient can bathe. However, the catheter must first be wrapped with a waterproof sheet: the surgical drapes used on this occasion have given good results.
The shower is instead possible without taking extraordinary measures.
The catheter can be impeded (for example, by adherence to the greater omentum). It can move due to the movements of the intestine, or it can cause infection through the transit through which it penetrates the abdominal cavity. All this can force the surgical removal of the catheter.
There are different types of tatheter; the most frequently used is the TENCKHOFF catheter. In the catheter, there is a connection section, to which the bag with the dialysis solutions is then connected; the connection is technically perfected, safe and straightforward today.
Peritoneal dialysis makes it possible to achieve satisfactory control of uremia, both from a clinical and biochemical point of view. A particular advantage offered by this method and in particular by CAPD is represented by the fact that it allows delicate dialysis: patients who with hemodialysis suffer from continuous headaches, nausea, vomiting, etc., have far fewer problems with CAPD.
An additional advantage of peritoneal dialysis is that the diet can be planned more freely, especially sodium and potassium. However, this is only a theoretical advantage because, in reality, it must be considered that even the majority of patients on hemodialysis "allow themselves" a relatively free diet.
Another advantage of peritoneal dialysis is the ability to move freely. This is a significant advantage that needs to be carefully considered. With the DP, it is, in fact, possible to take holidays, organize trips in complete autonomy. This could be the ideal solution for a person who loves to move freely. The D: P: in fact, it does not presuppose the presence of a partner; it can be carried out virtually in any place (bathroom, car, etc.), it does not need equipment that involves electricity or other.
Regarding the harmful effects on metabolism by peritoneal dialysis, attention must be drawn to the high load of glucose to which the organism of patients treated with this technique is subjected. In diabetics, this determines the need to increase the insulin dose and a rigorous reorganization of dietary recommendations; hyperglycemia also occurs frequently in non-diabetic patients.
The high glucose load can sometimes lead to weight gain in patients and almost always causes a further alteration of lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the dialysate in the peritoneum, proteins are lost in quantities ranging from 5 to 20g / day. Finally, since the dilation of the abdominal cavity filled by dialysate hinders the excursion of the diaphragm (the muscle that divides the abdominal cavity from the thoracic one and which also largely determines breathing), thus negatively affecting respiration (deep breathing), some patients treated with peritoneal dialysis experience respiratory problems more frequently.
This can be caused by the penetration of pathogens into the abdominal space through the catheter, along the catheter tunnel, for transport with blood, or by the spread of pathogens originating from organs of the abdominal cavity, for example, in the case of diverticulitis or the case of inflammation of the female genital organs. Dr. Q Khan provides the best Clinical Consultation in the USA. Fungi can also cause peritonitis; the latter infections are rare and sometimes occur after prolonged antibiotic treatment.
Diagnosis of peritonitis complication is simple:
• Turbidity of the dialysate.
• Increase the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the dialysate over 100 /mall...
• Abdominal discomfort.
• This "true" peritonitis must be distinguished from the clouding of dialysis fluid caused by protein precipitation or dialysate eosinophilia, usually secondary to an allergic reaction to the catheter, pouch or disinfectant residue. In women, dialysis fluid may become cloudy during menstruation, while it may even show traces of blood during ovulation.
